Infertility in men and women

Infertility is inability to conceive after having regular unprotected sex.

Can be due to disorder in one partner, or inability of the woman to complete pregnancy to full term. Often considered not conceiving after 12 months.

Worldwide, incidence of infertility in couples is about 10 percent. Almost in half the cases, cause of infertility is found in men.

It is often treatable.

Common Causes of Infertility in Men

Semen and sperm

• Low sperm count: About a third of cases are due to low sperm count.
• Low sperm mobility /motility
• Abnormal sperm in size and shape

• Testicular infection
• Cancer
• Surgery
• Undescended testicle
• Varicocele
• Ejaculation disorders
• Hormonal imbalance

Other causes may include:

• Genetic factors
• Hypospadias
• Cystic fibrosis
• Radiation therapy

Medications

• Sulfasalazine
• Anabolic steroids
• Chemotherapy
• Marijuana and Cocaine
• Age> 40 years
• Exposure to Pesticides
• Alcoholism
• Obesity

Causes of Infertility in Women

Smoking

• Age>32 years
• Smoking
• Alcoholism
• Obesity
• Anorexia
• Dietery deficiency
• Sexually transmitted diseases
• Exposure to pesticides,heavy metals
• Stress

Medical conditions

Medical conditions

Problems in Ovulation is the most common cause in women.

• Premature ovarian failure
• Polycystic ovary syndrome/Disease (PCOSPCOD)
• Increased Prolactin
• Thyroid disease
• AIDS or cancer.

Causes include:

• Pelvic surgery
• Fibroidsthe
• Endometriosis

Medications

• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Marijuana or Cocaine

Treatment

• Varicocele: Surgery
• Surgery for blockage
• Medications

Assisted conception

Intrauterine insemination (IUI)

In-vitro fertilization (IVF)

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

Sperm or egg donation

Assisted hatching

Electric or vibratory stimulation to achieve ejaculation

Surgical sperm aspiration

Diagnosis.

Infertility tests for men

• Semen analysis
• Blood test
• Ultrasound
• Chlamydia

Infertility tests for women

• Blood test
• Hysterosalpingography
• Laparoscopy

Other tests include:

• Ovarian testing
• Genetic testing
• Ultrasound
• Chlamydia
• Thyroid function test

Female infertility treatment cost Chart