COLO-RECTAL Cancer

Colon cancer affects the large intestine (colon).

It usually affects older adults, but can happen at any age. It starts as polyps in the colon.

Polyps may remain symptomsless.

Symptoms

Change in your bowel habits- diarrhea or constipation
Bleeding in stool
Persistent abdominal pain
Incomplete evacuation of Bowel
Unexplained weight loss

Risk factors

Older age
African-American race
History of colorectal cancer or polyps
Inflammatory intestinal disease:
- Ulcerative colitis
- Crohn’s disease
Genetics
Family history
Low-fiber, high-fat diet
Diabetes
Obesity
Smoking
Alcoholism
Radiation exposure

Screening for colon cancer can be done for elderly >50 yrs in high risk population.

Lifestyle changes

Diagnosis

Screening

Diagnosing colon cancer

Colonoscopy

Treatment

A multidisciplinary team of gastroenterologists, colon and rectal surgeons, oncologists, radiation oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists are needed to treat colon cancer.

Surgery for early-stage colon cancer

Polypectomy
Endoscopy
Minimally invasive
Partial colectomy

Partial colectomy
Lymph node Surgery

Chemotherapy

Radiation therapy

Drug therapy

Immunotherapy

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Colon Cancer Treatment	Days in Hospital	India	Singapore
Abdomino-Perineal Resection	3	$55000	$8000
Ileostomy	5	$4000	$7,000
Colostomy	5	$4000	$5,500
Radiofrequency Ablation	2	$3000	$4,000
Cryosurgery	3	$4,000	$6,000
Laparoscopic Colectomy	2	$4,500	$7,000