Urology

Urology is a medical speciality that diagnoses and treats both surgically and medically the diseases of urinary-tract and the male reproductive organs. Genito-urinary system organs under there purview of Urologists are kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, and the male reproductive organs.

Disorders of either urinary tract or reproductive system affect the other. Hence it is also at times referred to as genitourinary disorders.

Common Urological techniques include minimally invasive robotic and laparoscopic surgery, laser-assisted surgeries, and other scope-guided procedures.

Subspecialties are

Urologic oncology is the surgical management of malignant conditions such as cancer of the prostate, adrenal glands, bladder, kidneys, ureters, testicles, and penis.
Endourology closed manipulation of the urinary tract using small cameras inserted through urethra into the urinary tract. Transurethral surgery is the key of endourology.
Urogynecology
Reconstructive urology to restore both form and function of the genitourinary tract. Prostate, hysterectomy, traumatic rupture, obstructions, blockages may need reconstructive surgery.
Minimally invasive urology
Pediatric urology disorders in children, such as undescended testes, birth defects of the genitourinary tract, enuresis, underdeveloped genitals
Laproscopic urology is rapidly evolving branch with involvement of Robot-assisted surgery of the prostate, kidney, and ureter.
Neurourology manages conditions causing abnormal urination, such as incontinence, hyperactive bladder, urinary retention.
Andrology deals with the problems of male reproductive system and urological problems that are exclusive to men such as prostate cancer, male fertility problems.

Procedures done by Urologists

Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Bladder stones
Bladder cancer
Cystitis
Development of the urinary and reproductive organs
Epididymitis
Erectile dysfunction
Interstitial cystitis
Kidney transplant
Kidney cancer
Kidney stone
Prostatitis
Prostate cancer
Retrograde pyelogram
Retrograde ureteral
Testicular cancer
Vasectomy
Vasectomy reversal

Urology Procedures	Days in Hospital	Procedure Cost (Starting price in USD)
TransUrethral Resection of Prostrate (TURP)	4	2,000
Laser Prostratectomy	3	3,500
Bladder Neck Incision	3	2,000
Cold Knife Urethrotomy	2	1,500
Laser Urethrotomy	2	2,500
Laser Lithotripsy	2	2,500
Trans Urethra Bladder Tumor surgery	4	2,500
Laparoscopic Cystectomy	7	5,000
Uretroscopic bladder stone removal	2	2,500
Uretric Reimplantation	5	3,000
Prostate Surgery (Laser)	4	5,000
Urinary Stones	4	2,500
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Surgery	4	2,500
Radical Prostate Surgery	4	5,000
Robotic Prostate Surgery	4	9,000
Laproscopic Prostatectomy Surgery	4	7,000
Vasectomy	1	1,500